Redis sorted sets

Introduction to Redis sorted sets

A Redis sorted set is a collection of unique strings (members) ordered by an associated score. When more than one string has the same score, the strings are ordered lexicographically. Some use cases for sorted sets include:

  • Leaderboards. For example, you can use sorted sets to easily maintain ordered lists of the highest scores in a massive online game.
  • Rate limiters. In particular, you can use a sorted set to build a sliding-window rate limiter to prevent excessive API requests.

Examples

  • Update a real-time leaderboard as players' scores change:
> ZADD leaderboard:455 100 user:1
(integer) 1
> ZADD leaderboard:455 75 user:2
(integer) 1
> ZADD leaderboard:455 101 user:3
(integer) 1
> ZADD leaderboard:455 15 user:4
(integer) 1
> ZADD leaderboard:455 275 user:2
(integer) 0

Notice that user:2's score is updated in the final ZADD call.

  • Get the top 3 players' scores:
> ZRANGE leaderboard:455 0 2 REV WITHSCORES
1) "user:2"
2) "275"
3) "user:3"
4) "101"
5) "user:1"
6) "100"
  • What's the rank of user 2?
> ZREVRANK leaderboard:455 user:2
(integer) 0

Basic commands

  • ZADD adds a new member and associated score to a sorted set. If the member already exists, the score is updated.
  • ZRANGE returns members of a sorted set, sorted within a given range.
  • ZRANK returns the rank of the provided member, assuming the sorted is in ascending order.
  • ZREVRANK returns the rank of the provided member, assuming the sorted set is in descending order.

See the complete list of sorted set commands.

Performance

Most sorted set operations are O(log(n)), where n is the number of members.

Exercise some caution when running the ZRANGE command with large returns values (e.g., in the tens of thousands or more). This command's time complexity is O(log(n) + m), where m is the number of results returned.

Alternatives

Redis sorted sets are sometimes used for indexing other Redis data structures. If you need to index and query your data, consider RediSearch and RedisJSON.

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